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GEOGRAPHY
India
is the seventh largest country in the world with a total land area
of 3.3 million square kilometers. It is 2933 kms wide and the 3214
kms long. The Indian sub-continent is unique from the rest of Asia.
In the North are the towering Himalayas which slope out into the
great Indo-Gangetic plains. In Central India, the Vindhya ranges
separate the Deccan Peninsula from the northern plains. On the east
coast of the country is the Bay of Bengal, while on the west coast
is the Arabian Sea. The southern-most tip of the country projects
into the Indian Ocean.
Deccan Plateau
The
Deccan plateau is the oldest portion of India and was part of the
single land mass comprising South America, Africa, Australia and
Antarctica. As the continents drifted apart, the moving Deccan plate
collided with the Tibetan block of South Asia about 50 million years
ago. Over the years, the persistent pressure of the Deccan drifting
northwards created the Himalayan mountains, a process that is still
continuing.
Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic plain is formed by the basins of three great rivers,
the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. The other major rivers
in the country are the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Kaveri,
Pennar, Tapti, and Periyar - all of which have which created deltas
and flood-plains on India's east and west coast.
Varied geography
Apart from the mountains, plains and the seas, India has just about
every geographical feature as well. In the West of the country lies
the Thar desert in Rajasthan. A little south of it are the unique
marshlands of Kutch, while on the east where the Ganges drains out
into the sea is the world' s largest delta and a unique mangrove
forest. Indian islands include the Andaman and Nicobar islands in
the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Indian ocean.
These unique features mean that the country has a wide variety of
flora, fauna and a climate that ranges from tropical to arctic.
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